Here’s a beginner’s guide to betta fish care, compiled from multiple highly credible sources:
1. Basic Environment Setup
Tank Selection
A square glass tank (20–40 cm) is recommended (avoid round tanks, as they can impair vision). Each adult betta needs at least 5 liters of water.
A secure lid is essential—bettas are prone to jumping when startled.
Water Quality Management
Keep the water temperature between 24–28°C (Chinese bettas tolerate lower temperatures, while Thai bettas need more stable conditions).
Use tap water that has been left to sit for 2+ days (to remove chlorine); a pH level of 6.5–7.2 is ideal.
Change 1/3–1/2 of the water weekly, ensuring the temperature difference between new and old water is no more than 1°C.
2. Feeding Essentials
Food Choices
Primary diet: Floating betta-specific pellets with ≥35% protein.
Supplement with frozen bloodworms or brine shrimp (after disinfection) 1–2 times a week for variety.
Feeding Frequency
Adults: Once daily (amount should be eaten within 5 minutes).
Juveniles: Twice daily.
Breeding period: Increase to 3–4 times daily.
3. Daily Maintenance Tips
Cleaning
Use a gravel vacuum to remove leftover food and waste (ideally every 2 days).
Absorb oil film on the water surface with paper towels.
Health Checks
Healthy signs: Vibrant color, active swimming, and fully extended fins.
Warning signs: White feces, lethargy, or fin rot require isolation and treatment (use methylene blue or salt baths).
4. Common Mistakes to Avoid
Tankmate Risks
Male bettas must be kept alone. Female bettas can be grouped but need ample space and hiding spots.
Decor Recommendations
Opt for easy-to-grow plants like water wisteria or water lettuce. Avoid sharp decorations.
Plastic fake plants and colored gravel may release harmful substances.
Equipment Simplification
Bettas breathe air directly through their labyrinth organs, so an air pump isn’t needed.
Small tanks can skip a filter but require more frequent water changes.
5. Special Notes
Introducing New Fish: Acclimate them slowly by gradually mixing old and new tank water.
Breeding Prep: A separate breeding tank is needed—males will build bubble nests.
By following these steps, even beginners can easily keep healthy, thriving bettas. If issues arise, first check the two core factors: water temperature and water quality.