Koi fish are not a single-color species; instead, they are ornamental fish renowned for their rich colors and diverse patterns. Their body colors include red, white, black, yellow, blue, gold, and more, with unique varieties formed through different combinations. Below are their specific classifications and characteristics:
I. Common Colors and Varieties
Red Series
Kohaku: Features a white base body dotted with bright red patches. It is one of the most classic koi varieties.
Tancho: Has a solid red head and a white or silver body, resembling a "red-crowned crane" and symbolizing auspiciousness.
Black Series
Showa Sanshoku: Combines red, white, and black colors. Black patches cover the back, while red and white are distributed across the entire body, exuding a majestic presence.
Shiro Utsuri / Hi Utsuri (Utsurimono): Has a black base body paired with white or red patterns, known as "Shiro Utsuri" (white-patterned) and "Hi Utsuri" (red-patterned) respectively.
Yellow/Gold Series
Kigoi (Gold Koi): Boasts a bright golden-yellow body, with scales shining like metal, symbolizing wealth.
Yamabuki Ogon: Has a deep orange-yellow body color, similar to the traditional Japanese color "Yamabuki-iro" (golden yellow).
Blue/Brown Series
Asagi: Has a light blue or brown back, a white belly, and dark stripes along the lateral line.
Shusui: Features a blue-green back, a white belly, and golden edges on its scales, presenting a fresh vibe like the autumn sky.
Multi-Color Combinations
Taisho Sanshoku: Has evenly distributed red, white, and black colors, with clear edges on the red patches.
Koromo: Has a red or yellow base body paired with white or black patterns, forming a "cloak-like" design.
II. Symbolic Meanings of Colors
Red: Symbolizes auspiciousness and prosperity, often used in festival or celebration decorations.
Black: Represents solemnity and mystery, and is often regarded as an evil-warding color in feng shui.
Gold/Yellow: Implies wealth and nobility, commonly used in commercial venues or home decorations.
Blue/Brown: Conveys a sense of tranquility and nature, suitable for creating zen-style spaces.
III. Key Points for Selection and Appreciation
Color Purity: High-quality koi should have bright, pure colors without mixed hues or fading.
Pattern Distribution: Patterns need to be symmetrical and smooth. For example, the red patches of Kohaku should have clear edges.
Body Shape and Swimming Posture: Koi with a well-proportioned body and graceful swimming movements have higher ornamental value.
Health Status: Check if the fish has injuries, white spots, or abnormal behaviors to ensure you select a healthy individual.
IV. Cultural Background
Koi fish originated in China and were later introduced to Japan, where they developed into a unique ornamental culture. In Japan, koi are regarded as the "national fish," symbolizing perseverance and good luck, and often appear in gardens, temples, and works of art. In traditional Chinese culture, koi are also associated with the allusion of "carp leaping over the dragon gate," which implies achieving success against odds.
Summary
Koi fish come in a wide range of colors, from single colors to multi-color combinations. Each color and pattern endows them with unique charm. When selecting koi, you can choose appropriate varieties based on personal preferences and scenario needs (such as home, courtyard, or commercial space).