I. Basic Environmental Setup
Aquarium Size
- Single Betta: At least 10 gallons (38 liters) of water, recommended dimensions: over 40cm length × 30cm width.
- Breeding Tank: Can be downsized to 30×20×20cm (approx. 7–19 liters).
Water Quality Requirements
- Temperature: 22–26°C (optimum 24–26°C).
- pH Level: Slightly acidic (5.0–6.8); lower during breeding (pH 5.0–6.0).
- Hardness: Soft water (4–10 dGH).
Aquascape Recommendations
- Essential plants: Java fern, moss, etc., for shelter.
- Add driftwood/indian almond leaves to stabilize water quality.
II. Daily Management
Water Change Protocol
- Change 20%–30% of water every 7–10 days to prevent abrupt quality changes.
- Prioritize siphoning the bottom to remove waste and uneaten food.
Feeding Tips
- Live Food Preferences: Daphnia, cyclops, bloodworms.
- Supplement with dry food containing astaxanthin to enhance coloration.
III. Health Maintenance
Quarantine Protocol
- New fish should be bathed in potassium permanganate or antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin).
Disease Prevention
- Keep the environment quiet and avoid direct strong light.
- House in groups of at least 4 to reduce stress.
IV. Breeding Essentials
Breeding Preparation
- Use a dedicated breeding tank with java fern covering 60% of the bottom.
- Adjust water to pH 5.0–6.0 using rainwater or RO water.
Spawning Management
- Sexual maturity: 6 months; optimal breeding period: 8–10 months.
- Single spawning yields 200–300 eggs.
Note: When co-habiting with cardinal tetras, be aware they are more aggressive feeders.