The lifespan of betta fish is influenced by factors such as species and rearing conditions, with details as follows:
I. Theoretical Lifespan Range
Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens)
In the wild, they live approximately 4–5 years; in captivity, they typically survive 2–4 years.
Their prime ornamental period lasts only about 1 year, after which their condition gradually declines.
Chinese Fighting Fish (Macropodus opercularis)
They generally live 2–3 years, with male individuals reaching 3–5 years.
They have stronger adaptability, and a few can live up to 6 years in optimal environments.
II. Differences in Actual Lifespan Under Captivity
Ideal Conditions
With a filtration system, constant temperature equipment (maintaining 24–27°C), and regular water changes, their lifespan can approach the theoretical range.
Common Issues
Keeping them in small containers with poor water quality management may result in a lifespan of less than 1 year.
Genetic defects caused by inbreeding (such as "devil eye") can shorten their lifespan.
III. Key Influencing Factors
Water Quality Management
Maintain a pH level of 6.5–7.5 and replace 1/3 of the water weekly.
Avoid temperature fluctuations exceeding 2°C.
Rearing Habits
High-protein feed should be given in controlled amounts (to be consumed within 2 minutes).
Mixed-species tank setups or environmental stress can accelerate aging.
Gender Differences
Males typically live 1–2 years longer than females.
It is recommended to choose sub-adult fish over 6 months old for rearing, as this helps avoid issues related to residual medications from fish farms. With scientific management, it is entirely possible for betta fish to live for more than 3 years.