Betta fish are typical oviparous fish, and their breeding process exhibits unique behavioral characteristics and physiological mechanisms. Below is a detailed explanation:
I. Reproductive Biological Characteristics
Spawning Method
Male bettas first build bubble nests (a foam layer 5-15 cm in diameter) on the water surface, and females lay eggs beneath these nests.
The number of eggs per spawn varies by species: Chinese bettas lay 200-800 eggs, while Thai bettas lay 100-300 eggs.
Breeding Cycle
Breeding is possible year-round, with higher success rates in spring and autumn (optimal water temperature: 26-28°C).
Males can breed again 4-5 days after hatching, but it is recommended to artificially control breeding to 2-3 broods per year.
II. Key Points of Breeding Behavior
Courtship and Mating
Males attract females by displaying their body color, fluttering their fins, and maintaining bubble nests.
During mating, males wrap around females and squeeze to induce spawning (process lasts 1-2 hours).
Egg Incubation
Fertilized eggs hatch within 36 hours, and males guard the bubble nests and collect scattered eggs.
Fry become free-swimming after 3 days; at this point, males must be removed to prevent cannibalism.
III. Notes for Artificial Breeding
Environmental Control
Breeding tanks should maintain a water level of 15-20 cm; add almond leaves to regulate water quality.
Control light intensity to 200-300 lux to avoid stress from strong light.
Broodstock Selection
Males should be over 8 months old; high-quality breeders have bubble nests with a diameter > 10 cm.
Females are optimal when white spots appear on their cloaca and breeding stripes are clearly visible.
Note: After breeding, broodstock must be isolated promptly to prevent males from attacking females or eating eggs.